1. Valve closure
2.Abnormal valve opening
3. Vibrations in the ventricular chambers
4. Tensing of cordae tendinae
5. turbulent flow across valves
Fundamental sounds are the 1st and 2nd heart sound : lup and dup
These are the summary of heart sounds that we can hear and what are they associated with:
| Heart Sound | Occurs during: | Associated with |
| S1 | Isovolumetric Contraction | Closure of mitral and tricuspid valve |
| S2 | Isovolumetric Relaxation | Closure of Aortic and Pulmonary valve |
| S3 | Early ventricular filling | Normal in children; asst. with ventricular dilation in adults |
| S4 | Atrial Contraction | Associated with stiff, low compliant ventricle (e.g., ventricular hypertrophy) |
Since this is all about "sounds", and I dunno if the sound system in the LS works or not, here's the link where you can listen to different heart sounds:
http://depts.washington.edu/physdx/heart/demo.html
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